衣索比亞行前讀物
- 3-6th centuries: Aksum Kingdom ruled the Red Sea
- 1137-1270: Zagwe Dynasty built Lalibela churches
- 13th-16th centuries: Strong Abyssinia Dynasty
- 1889: Menelik 2 moved the capital to Addis Ababa
- 1896: Menelik defeated Italy
- 1977-78: Red Terror-over 10,000 people died.
- 1993: Eritrea independent
P20 The Land of Punt
The ancient Egyptians called present-day Ethiopia the Land of Punt. 2000BC, an Egyptian sailed there.
P24 The AKSUMITE Kingdom
4th AD: Christianity has been introduced by two Syrians.
P31
16th century: the Oromo people migrated from the southern rift valley.
P35
Age of the Princes was ended by Emperor Tewdros 2 in 1855.
Emperor Tewodros 2:
1. People could appeal to him directly.
2. Ended the custom of killing the relatives of murderers.
P39 The Battle of Adowa
Menilek 2 became emperor in 1889
Menilek went to war with Italy due to an argument in the 1889 treaty. In the Ethiopia version, it said that the emperor "could" ask the Italians for help with its foreign affairs. In the Italian version, it said that the emperor "must" ask.
1896-The Battle of Adowa-the Italians had modern weapons, while many of Ethiopians were armed with spears. The Ethiopian inflicted a crushing defeat on the Italians. One of the first times that an African nation defeated a European nation.
P44
The Italians seized Addis in 1936. Emperor Haile Sellasie went to the League of Nations HQ in Geneva, where he made the famous speech: "I, Heile Sellassire 1, Emperor of Ethiopia, am here today to claim the justice which is due to my people...apart from the kingdom of the Lord there is not on this earth any nation which is superior to any other."
P49
After WW2
Haile Sellassie made Amharic the national language. The non-Amhara people felt they were excluded. Amhara comprised 20% of the population. but dominated political life.
1974- after 44 years as emperor, Haile Sellassie was deposed. This marked the end of several thousand years of rule by Ethiopia's emperors. Succeeded by Mengistu Hail Mariam from the military, who led the Red Terror. One-party state led by Workers' Party of Ethiopia(WPE).
P77 The work of Ethiopians
The most important food crops grown in Ethiopia are grains, teff(only in Ethiopia), wheat, barley, corn, etc.
P83 The people and their culture
Over 70 ethnic groups and languages. The diversity is due to the closeness to Asia and Europe.
P96 Music
Ancient drum: kaboro
Shepherds: use a wooden flute called Wshint to calm the animals.
Harp: Begenna
Azmaris: musicians who roam the countryside singing ballads and fold songs.
P106 Some outstanding Ethiopians
Tewodros 2: became emperor in 1855
Downfall: misunderstanding with the British, and captured English officials. The British rescued their people in 1868.
P108 Abebe Bikia b. 1932
1960 and 1964 won the gold medal for the marathon race in the Olympic Games., barefoot.
P117
A unique literary form is "wax and gold" poetry, developed by the Amhara hundreds of years ago, and written on many subjects- politics, religion, and romance.
[跑出巔峰][Out of Thin Air: Running Wisdom And Magic] by Michael Crawley; 陳卓均譯 2021
P39
[Wax and Gold]: Amharic詩歌形式, 每行文字都有兩種意思: 表層的【蠟】之意和表層之下的【金】之意。書中【idil】概念: 表示機會, 相信自己如果用某種方式行事, 任何人都可能被提升到偉大的位置, 也表示了, 在衣索比亞很少人相信先天的運動天賦或遺傳能力。
P69
「你不能習慣落後。」因為「落後跟其他適應一樣, 也是一種訓練上的適應。」你必須學會「跟上腳步」。
P106
你幾乎每場比賽的某些時刻都會陷入迷惘。你睜開眼睛, 發現自己麻煩上身, 你的心率加快, 信心受挫, 然後心裡突然恐慌, 沒來由地對自己和讓自己排隊參賽的自尊心有股熟悉的厭惡。
